Although the number of women pursuing scientific careers is growing, women are still largely underrepresented in most scientific and technical fields. In recognition of Women’s History Month, Fermilab’s Diversity Office will sponsor a talk about the continued shortage of women in science at 1 p.m. Tuesday, March 9.

In her talk, titled “Gender, Race and Science Education,” Sandra Hanson, professor of sociology at the Catholic University of America, will focus on science, technology, engineering and math education and the many factors that continue to create barriers for girls in these areas.

Hanson, author of “Swimming Against the Tide: African-American Girls and Science Education,” will also talk about her recent research and the factors that both discourage and encourage young African-American women in STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) education. She will also discuss suggestions for policies and programs that would encourage the participation of all young people, regardless of gender or race, in STEM education.

This event is free and open to the public. “Gender, Race and Science Education,” will take place at 1 p.m. Tuesday, March 9, in Fermilab’s Ramsey Auditorium.

The talk is one of many events sponsored by Fermilab’s Diversity Office in celebration of Women’s History Month. Visit Fermilab’s Women’s History Month Web site, www.fnal.gov/diversity/womens_history/, for more information about Women’s History Month activities throughout the month of March. Also visit the profiles section to view more than 50 profiles of women who have made valuable contributions to the laboratory and its science throughout the years.

Read the original article on DailyHerald.com.

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University of Chicago chemists published an article in the Journal of Chemical Physics three years ago that described an early step in the process for efficiently converting methane into synthesis gas, which is useful for producing liquid fuels and hydrogen.

Such developments could be critical if the nation is to take better advantage of its abundant methane reserves, said Steven Sibener, the Carl William Eisendrath Professor in Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, whose research group conducted the study.

Now Sibener and his associates at four partner universities have established a center for chemical innovation to pursue a broader range of similar research aimed at spurring innovation and economic competitiveness.

A $1.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation supports the work.

The new Center for Energetic Non-Equilibrium Chemistry at Interfaces (CENECI) is a team effort of UChicago, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Montana State University, Northwestern University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Additional partners who endorsed the center proposal are Argonne National Laboratory, Cabot Microelectronics Corporation of Aurora, Ill., and the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago.

“The people we’ve grouped together at these five schools are acknowledged leaders in the kind of science that was important for successfully tackling this challenging class of problems,” said Sibener, who heads the center.

Energetic chemical reactions

The new center will explore the chemical reactions that unfold under conditions infused with more energy than would normally occur. “One hopes to find new chemistries or more efficient ways of doing known processes,” Sibener said.

The syngas experiments are but one example of non-equilibrium chemistry. In the experiments, the UChicago team collided beams of molecules traveling at supersonic speeds onto a modestly heated metal surface.

The high-energy collision breaks the bonds between the methane molecule’s carbon atom and its hydrogen atoms, an important step in the process of turning methane into syngas.

Complementing this, the catalyst held at modest temperatures ensures high selectivity in subsequent surface reactions.

The NSF center for chemical innovation will pursue three research themes: new chemical transformations and catalysis under energetic conditions; materials growth, initially focusing on diamond growth for technological applications; and reactions in liquids.

“I am hopeful and enthusiastic about the center,” said Cliff Spiro, Vice President of Research and Development at Cabot Microelectronics. “In my 30 years of industrial research across many disciplines, this is a theme that comes up time and time again, and is truly fertile ground for breakthroughs of real significance.”

Impatient for discovery

Spiro said that when Sibener first told him about the center’s mission, “I couldn’t stop peppering him with examples from my world of combustion, diamonds, metallurgical coatings, optical films, and semiconductor processes. I can’t wait to learn of their discoveries.”

The new center will offer education and outreach activities in addition to research.

In the outreach component, the five CENECI institutions will provide chemistry education programs to underrepresented Hispanic and African-American K-12 students in Chicago, Madison and Boston, as well as to Native American students in Montana (K-14, including tribal colleges).

The center also will arrange collaborative research exchanges, giving graduate students and postdoctoral researchers the opportunity to receive co-mentoring from a senior scientist who supervises a CENECI laboratory at one of the other institutions. Other opportunities target undergraduate participation.

In addition to the CENECI funding, Sibener also recently received two Department of Energy grants to support other projects. One of them is a three-year, $885,000 grant for Single Investigator and Small-Group Research to study emergent behavior in chemistry and physics.

Interactive behavior

The study’s goal is to understand how new chemical and materials behavior emerges from the various interactions of their atoms and molecules. “Sometimes when you put things together they behave differently than when they’re alone,” Sibener explained.

Sibener’s team will analyze chemical reactions as they occur, molecule by molecule. The researchers then will change the chemical environment for small groups of molecules sitting on an atomically tailored surface to see if they react differently than would an isolated molecule.

Another step would entail attempting to influence the growth of chiral materials—materials that are right- or left-handed at the molecular level—which determines their optical properties and alters their chemical reactivity.

The third grant is extending the Sibener group’s collaboration with Lance Cooley and other researchers at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.

Together they seek to improve the fundamental understanding of superconducting materials needed for advancing linear collider technology.

Sibener received notification of all three grants within a recent six-week period. “It was an amazing six weeks,” he said.

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Professor in Psychology Susan Levine and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employees Marge Bardeen and Patty McBride have been named fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

They are among 531 AAAS members to be elevated this year by their peers to the rank of fellow. Individuals are recognized for their scientifically or socially distinguished efforts to advance science or its applications.

Bardeen was elected to the AAAS section on education for “sustained, imaginative, and diverse contributions to the educational experience of K-12 teachers and students, including active engagement of teachers and students in research.”

McBride was cited for “important contributions to particle physics experiments and for her leadership in the international scientific community.” She was elected to the AAAS section on physics.

The University plays a major role in managing Fermilab under contract with the DOE through Fermi Research Alliance, LLC.

Levine, Professor in Psychology, was recognized for “fundamental work on cognitive development in the domains of language, mathematics and space, and the integration of neuropsychology with work on normative development.”

Levine, a specialist on early learning, has published on development and plasticity of spatial skills, early quantitative development, and language development and functional plasticity in children with early brain injury.

She co-directs the Center for Early Childhood Research and chairs the Psychology Department’s program on cognition and cognitive neuroscience.

New fellows will receive an official certificate and a gold and blue (representing science and engineering, respectively) rosette pin on Saturday, Feb. 20, at the AAAS fellows forum during the 2010 AAAS annual meeting in San Diego.

The AAAS is the world’s largest general scientific society and publisher of the journal, Science (sciencemag.org) as well as Science Translational Medicine (sciencetranslationalmedicine.org) and Science Signaling (sciencesignaling.org).

Founded in 1848, the association includes some 262 affiliated societies and academies of science, serving 10 million individuals.

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On Nov. 20 at 4pm EST, a clockwise circulating beam was established in the LHC’s 17-mile ring.

After more than one year of repairs, the LHC is now back on track to create high-energy particle collisions that may yield extraordinary insights into the nature of the physical universe.

“The LHC is a machine unprecedented in size, in complexity, and in the scope of the international collaboration that has built it over the last 15 years,” said Dennis Kovar, U.S. Department of Energy Associate Director of Science for High Energy Physics.

“I congratulate the scientists and engineers that have worked to get the LHC back up and running, and look forward to the discoveries to come.”

American scientists have played an important role in the construction of the LHC. About 150 scientists, engineers and technicians from three DOE national laboratories—Brookhaven Lab, Fermilab and Berkeley Lab—built critical accelerator components.

They are joined by colleagues from DOE’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Texas at Austin in ongoing LHC accelerator R&D. The work has been supported by the DOE Office of Science.

Circulating beams are a major milestone on the way to the ultimate goal: data from high-energy particle collisions in each of the LHC’s four major particle detectors.

Over the next few months, scientists will create collisions between two beams of protons.

These very first LHC collisions will take place at the relatively low energy of 900 GeV. They will then raise the beam energy, aiming for collisions at the world-record energy of 7 TeV in early 2010. With these high-energy collisions, the hunt for discoveries at the LHC will begin.

“It’s great to see beam circulating in the LHC again,” said CERN Director General Rolf Heuer.

“We’ve still got some way to go before physics can begin, but with this milestone we’re well on the way.”

In all, an estimated 10,000 people from 60 countries have helped design and build the LHC accelerator and its four massive particle detectors, including more than 1,700 scientists, engineers, students and technicians from 97 U.S. universities and laboratories in 32 states and Puerto Rico supported by the DOE Office of Science and the National Science Foundation.

NOTES FOR EDITORS:

Photos and videos from today’s event are available at: press.web.cern.ch/press/lhc-first-physics/

Information about the US participation in the LHC is available at uslhc.us.

Follow US LHC on Twitter at twitter.com/uslhc.

About Berkeley Lab

Berkeley Lab is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory located in Berkeley, California. It conducts unclassified scientific research and is managed by the University of California.

Visit our News center at newscenter.lbl.gov.

About Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory is operated and managed for DOE’s Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates and Battelle.

Visit Brookhaven Lab’s electronic newsroom for links, news archives, graphics, and more: bnl.gov/newsroom.

About Fermilab

Fermilab is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science national laboratory, operated under contract by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science is the nation’s single-largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences.

Visit our Web site at fnal.gov.

About CERN

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the world’s leading laboratory for particle physics.

It has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have Observer status.

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Officials at the Department of Energy’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory are seeking nominations from the local community for members to serve on a new Community Advisory Board.

The new board will provide an opportunity for local citizens to participate in planning and developing the laboratory’s future.

“Over the past five years, Fermilab has worked with two highly successful citizens’ task forces,” said laboratory Director Pier Oddone.

“The work of our neighbors shaped Fermilab’s approach to public participation and gave us invaluable input into community-related aspects of constructing scientific projects. We want to continue this working relationship with the local community as we plan for Fermilab’s future.”

Sometime after the Large Hadron Collider comes on line in 2010 at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland, Fermilab’s Tevatron accelerator will cease operation.

However, through multiple and diverse new projects, Fermilab will continue to play a world-leading scientific role with research at the energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers of particle physics.

Fermilab will remain a large local employer and a strong contributor to the local economy.

Some of the proposed new projects will require construction, including additional tunneling beneath the Fermilab site. Public access to the site, environmental management, economic impact and other issues will continue to warrant a strong community relationship.

The new Fermilab Community Advisory Board will focus on future plans and activities.

“Fermilab’s future is closely related to the future of surrounding communities,” Oddone said. “Meaningful and sustained community input will be essential as Fermilab plans, develops and implements future projects.”

A new community advisory board, now being formed, will help to identify public issues and will provide ongoing advice and guidance related to the future of Fermilab.

Specific activities will include:

• Comment and feedback on proposed new projects
• Review of proposed construction activities for new projects; insight on potential community concerns and advice on how to best mitigate any impacts
• Discussion of how changes at Fermilab are likely to affect surrounding communities; and guidance and insight on how best to integrate new activities at Fermilab with local communities
• Liaison with local organizations and communities
• Ongoing input and advice on implementing Fermilab’s public participation program

Fermilab seeks nomination of potential members.

As with previous Fermilab citizens’ groups, membership of the FCAB will be composed of approximately 20 local residents representing a wide range of interests and viewpoints. Community members are invited to nominate themselves or others.

Nomination forms and a fact sheet explaining expectations for members are available at fnal.gov/pub/neighbors/CAB or by calling 630-840-3351.

All nominations are due to Fermilab no later than Monday, Dec. 7, 2009. Specific instructions are included on the forms themselves.

Members will be selected by panel of community leaders. A selection committee of past Community Task Force members will review all nominations and identify a board that best represents the broad range of community interests and meets the needs of the community and the laboratory.

The selection committee will have the authority to seek additional candidates for interests that are not adequately represented by the nominations received.

For more information, please visit fnal.gov/pub/neighbors/CAB or call the Fermilab Office of Communication at 630-840-4112.

MEDIA CONTACT:

Tona Kunz, 630-840-3351
tkunz@fnal.gov

Rhianna Wisniewski, 630-840-3351
rhianna@fnal.gov

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In the latest installment of funding from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, DOE’s Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory will receive an additional $60.2 million to support research toward next generation particle accelerators and preliminary design for a future neutrino experiment.

The new funds are part of more than $327 million announced by Energy Secretary Steven Chu on Tuesday from funding allocated under the Recovery Act to DOE’s Office of Science. Of these funds, $220 million will go toward scientific research, instrumentation and laboratory infrastructure projects at DOE national laboratories .

“The new initiatives will help the U.S. maintain its scientific leadership and economic competitiveness while creating new jobs,” said Energy Secretary Steven Chu. “The projects provide vital funding and new tools for research aimed at strengthening America’s energy security and tackling some of science’s toughest challenges.”

Taking the stimulus funds announced earlier this year into account, the Recovery Act provides more than $100 million in funding to Fermilab.

Fermilab is investing the funds in critical scientific infrastructure to strengthen the nation’s global scientific leadership as well as to provide immediate economic relief to local communities. Out of the additional $60.2 million, the laboratory will devote $52.7 million to research on next-generation accelerators using superconducting radio frequency technology. This technology provides a highly efficient way to accelerate beams of particles with potential applications in medicine, energy and material science. Fermilab will use the remaining $7.5 million for preliminary design for a future neutrino experiment.

With this final round of projects, the Obama Administration has now approved projects covering the full $1.6 billion that the DOE Office of Science received from Congress under the Recovery Act.

“The Recovery Act funding will put our neighbors and fellow Americans to work,” said Fermilab Director Pier Oddone. “We are investing the funds in local firms and other U.S. companies who will be our partners in strengthening the nation’s scientific leadership.”

More information about Fermilab and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is available at fnal.gov/recovery/

DOE’s news release is available at energy.gov/news2009/7737.htm

MEDIA CONTACT:

Judy Jackson, Fermilab Office of Communication, +1-630-840-3351, jjackson@fnal.gov
Elizabeth Clements, Fermilab Office of Communication, +1-630-840-3351, lizzie@fnal.gov

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The successful dress rehearsal proves that the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) is ready to analyze and manage real data from the massive machine. The United States is a vital partner in the development and operation of the WLCG, with 15 universities and three U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories from 11 states contributing to the project.

The full-scale test, collectively called the Scale Test of the Experimental Program 2009 (STEP09), demonstrates the ability of the WLCG to efficiently navigate data collected from the LHC’s intense collisions at CERN, in Geneva, Switzerland, all the way through a multi-layered management process that culminates at laboratories and universities around the world. When the LHC resumes operations this fall, the WLCG will handle more than 15 million gigabytes of data every year.

Although there have been several large-scale WLCG data-processing tests in the past, STEP09, which was completed on June 15, was the first to simultaneously test all of the key elements of the process.

“Unlike previous challenges, which were dedicated testing periods, STEP09 was a production activity that closely matches the types of workload that we can expect during LHC data taking. It was a demonstration not only of the readiness of experiments, sites and services but also the operations and support procedures and infrastructures,” said CERN’s Ian Bird, leader of the WLCG project.

Once LHC data have been collected at CERN, dedicated optical fiber networks distribute the data to 11 major “Tier-1” computer centers in Europe, North America and Asia, including those at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois. From these, data are dispatched to more than 140 “Tier-2” centers around the world, including 12 in the United States. It will be at the Tier-2 and Tier-3 centers that physicists will analyze data from the LHC experiments – ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb – leading to new discoveries. Support for the Tier-2 and Tier-3 centers is provided by the DOE Office of Science and the National Science Foundation.

“In order to really prove our readiness at close-to-real-life circumstances, we have to carry out data replication, data reprocessing, data analysis, and event simulation all at the same time and all at the expected scale for data taking,” said Michael Ernst, director of Brookhaven National Laboratory’s Tier-1 Computing Center. “That’s what made STEP09 unique.”

The result was “wildly successful,” Ernst said, adding that the U.S. distributed computing facility for the ATLAS experiment completed 150,000 analysis jobs at an efficiency of 94 percent.

A key goal of the test was gauging the analysis capabilities of the Tier 2 and Tier 3 computing centers. During STEP09’s 13-day run, seven U.S. Tier 2 centers for the CMS experiment, and four U.S. CMS Tier 3 centers, performed around 225,000 successful analysis jobs.

“We knew from past tests that we wanted to improve certain areas,” said Oliver Gutsche, the Fermilab physicist who led the effort for the CMS experiment. “This test was especially useful because we learned how the infrastructure behaves under heavy load from all four LHC experiments. We now know that we are ready for collisions.”

U.S. contributions to the WLCG are coordinated through the Open Science Grid (OSG), a national computing infrastructure for science. OSG not only contributes computing power for LHC data needs, but also for projects in many other scientific fields including biology, nanotechnology, medicine and climate science.

“This is another significant step to demonstrating that shared infrastructures can be used by multiple high-throughput science communities simultaneously,” said Ruth Pordes, executive director of the Open Science Grid Consortium. “ATLAS and CMS are not only proving the usability of OSG, but contributing to maturing national distributed facilities in the U.S. for other sciences.”

Physicists in the U.S. and around the world will sift through the LHC data in search of tiny signals that will lead to discoveries about the nature of the physical universe. Through their distributed computing infrastructures, these physicists also help other scientific researchers increase their use of computing and storage for broader discovery.

U.S. support for LHC participation

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science and the National Science Foundation (NSF) invested a total of $531 million in the construction of the Large Hadron Collider and the ATLAS and CMS detectors. DOE provided $200 million for the construction of critical LHC accelerator components, $250 million for the design and construction of the ATLAS and CMS detectors, and continues to support U.S. scientists’ work on the detectors and accelerator R&D. NSF has focused its support on funding university scientists who have contributed to the design and construction of CMS and ATLAS ($81 million). In addition, both agencies promote the development of advanced computing innovations to meet the enormous LHC data challenge. More than 1,700 scientists, engineers, students and technicians from 94 U.S. universities and laboratories participate in the LHC and its experiments. (A full list is available here.)

LHC Computing Grid participants

Signatories to the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, India, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taipei, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and the United States of America.

Brookhaven National Laboratory is operated and managed for DOE’s Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates. Visit Brookhaven Laboratory’s electronic newsroom for links, news archives, graphics, and more.

Fermilab is a DOE Office of Science national laboratory, operated under contract by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. The Department of Energy Office of Science is the nation’s single-largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences.

The Open Science Grid is a national distributed computing grid for data-intensive research, supported by the Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, High Energy Physics, and Nuclear Physics within the DOE Office of Science, and the National Science Foundation. Visit opensciencegrid.org.

CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the world’s leading laboratory for particle physics. It has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. India, Israel, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have Observer status.

MEDIA CONTACT:

Kendra Snyder, ksnyder@bnl.gov, 631-344-8191
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: Rhianna Wisniewski, rhianna@fnal.gov, 630-840-3351
Open Science Grid: David Ritchie, ritchie@fnal.gov, 630-840-3940
CERN: James Gillies, james.gillies@cern.ch, +41 22 76 741 01

Data-Taking Dress Rehearsal Proves World’s Largest Computing Grid is Ready for LHC Restart | Chicago Press Release Services - Chicago's leading press release newswire service; professional press release services, press release distribution and newswire services.

The observation of this “doubly strange” particle, predicted by the Standard Model, is significant because it strengthens physicists’ confidence in their understanding of how quarks form matter. In addition, it conflicts with a 2008 result announced by CDF’s sister experiment, DZero.

The Omega-sub-b is the latest entry in the “periodic table of baryons.” Baryons are particles formed of three quarks, the most common examples being the proton and neutron. The Tevatron particle accelerator at Fermilab is unique in its ability to produce baryons containing the b quark, and the large data samples now available after many years of successful running enable experimenters to find and study these rare particles. The observation opens a new window for scientists to investigate its properties and better understand this rare object.

Combing through almost half a quadrillion (1000 trillion) proton-antiproton collisions produced by Fermilab’s Tevatron particle collider, the CDF collaboration isolated 16 examples in which the particles emerging from a collision revealed the distinctive signature of the Omega-sub-b. Once produced, the Omega-sub-b travels a fraction of a millimeter before it decays into lighter particles. This decay, mediated by the weak force, occurs in about a trillionth of a second. In fact, CDF has performed the first ever measurement of the Omega-sub-b lifetime and obtained 1.13 +0.53-0.40 (stat.) ±0.02(syst.) trillionths of a second.

In August 2008, the DZero experiment announced its own observation of the Omega-sub-b based on a smaller sample of Tevatron data. Interestingly, the new CDF observation announced here is in direct conflict with the earlier DZero result. The CDF physicists measured the Omega-sub-b mass to be 6054.4 ±6.8(stat.) ±0.9(syst.) MeV/c², compared to DZero’s 6165±10(stat.)±13(syst.) MeV/c². These two experimental results are statistically inconsistent with each other leaving scientists from both experiments wondering whether they are measuring the same particle. Furthermore, the experiments observed different rates of production of this particle. Perhaps most interesting is that neither experiment sees a hint of evidence for the particle at the other’s measured value.

Although the latest result announced by CDF agrees with theoretical expectation for the Omega-sub-b both in the measured production rate and in the mass value, further investigation is needed to solve the puzzle of these conflicting results.

The Omega-sub-b discovery follows the observation of the Cascade-b-minus baryon (Ξ_b), first observed at the Tevatron in 2007, and two types of Sigma-sub-b baryons (Σ_b), discovered at the Tevatron in 2006.

The CDF collaboration submitted a paper that summarizes the details of its discovery to the journal Physical Review D. It is available online at: arxiv.org/abs/0905.3123

CDF is an international experiment of about 600 physicists from 62 institutions in 15 countries. It is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation and a number of international funding agencies. Fermilab is a national laboratory funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, operated under contract by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC.

MEDIA CONTACT:

Kurt Riesselmann, 630-840-5681
Department of Energy’s Fermilab
kurtr@fnal.gov

Fermilab Physicists Discover New Exotic Particle: The Omega-sub-b Baryon | Chicago Press Release Services - Chicago's leading press release newswire service; professional press release services, press release distribution and newswire services.